University of Wisconsin–Madison

Category: Structure of the Legal Profession

Pavone (2024), “Lawyering in Hard Places: Comparative Dispatches from the Margins of Legality”

The article argues that in authoritarian and transitional contexts, cause lawyers often defy traditional roles by challenging state-aligned bar associations, supporting contentious movements, and using unconventional tactics to confront judicial and political oppression.

Kapinga (1992), “The Legal Profession and Social Action in the Third World: Reflections on Tanzania and Kenya”

The legal professions in Tanzania and Kenya, despite operating under repressive state control, have played a crucial activist role in challenging authoritarianism—unlike their more individualistic counterparts in the West.