Edward Schatz. “Access by Accident: Legitimacy Claims and Democracy Promotion in Authoritarian Central Asia.” International Political Science Review/Revue internationale de science politique, vol. 27, no. 3 (2006): 263-284.
Who were these pro-democracy advocates? At the international end, they were activists from international NGOs (for example, Human Rights Watch, the Committee to ProtectJournalists, and the Soros Foundation) and representatives from states and international governmental organizations (for example, the European Union [EU], OSCE, and the United Nations). Their local counterparts included oppositionist commentators (for example, Nurbulat Masanov and Petre Svoik), lawyers working to promote human rights (for example, Yevgenii Zhovtis members of parliament (for example, Zauresh Battalova and Boris Sorokin), and journalists who either covered government practices that constituted breeches of international norms or simply published critiques of the regime that pushed the envelope of free speech.